What is Art Therapy?

The therapeutic alliance between the therapist, the client, and the art is central to the practice of art therapy. It is only as the therapist develops a safe space and shows the client unconditional positive regard, that trust is developed, As trust develops between the therapist and the client, the space begins to open for self expression through art. The art acts as a container for the images that surface from a client’s imagination and experience. Through the act of creating the client may enter a state of flow in which they feel a oneness with the art and become immersed in a liminal space. It is in this space that a client can access the parts of their reality that have remained hidden. Through careful observation of verbal and non-verbal cues, the therapist develops an empathic understanding of the client and their story. As the client is the expert on themselves and their life, the therapist adopts a stance of learning and respectful curiosity. The client relays the meaning of their art to the therapist, and together they seek out their strengths and positive aspects of their history to develop a plan, instill a sense of hope, equip them with ‘life skills/tools’ to create a healthy alternate story moving forward.

The process of creating is the most important aspect of art in therapy. It is relevant to relay this purpose to the client initially so they are not misconstrued between creating art as in an art class. This distinction may also alleviate any pressure the client may feel to produce an aesthetic piece art. The studio space is a key element in art therapy. It sets the tone for creating by inviting the client to actively participate. There should be a wide range of supplies displayed in an enticing way so the client will be able to access them readily. The space should be clean and organized, but not clinical, so the client is free to make a mess and explore as they wish. Some clients may not know where to begin, and appreciate receiving directives from the art therapist to guide them in their creative expression. Depending on how the client is feeling and the issues they are dealing with, will depend on the type of directive and recommended art supplies the art therapist provides. An example could be if a client is frustrated or feeling angry, working with clay will allow them to exercise their emotions into it, giving them a sense of release and often calm afterwards. A client who is feeling stressed may find release in a less resistant material such as watercolour. Directives also allow the therapist to guide the client to an area where they sense may need to be explored or opened up for discussion.

Following a session art therapists keep notes, write reports, and carefully collect and store artwork while maintaining the client’s right to privacy. Documenting the artwork is important, as over time it may reveal key themes and metaphors while showing progression throughout therapy. It’s important for clients to know their rights and that the artwork they create is theirs to keep.